Malaria is not usually the headline issue for Tunisia. For most travellers, the more realistic problems are contaminated food or water, missed routine vaccines, heat, sun exposure, insect bites, and animal scratches or bites. Hepatitis A is commonly recommended for previously unvaccinated travellers to Tunisia because it can spread through contaminated food and water. Typhoid vaccination may be considered for longer trips, frequent travel, visits to friends and relatives, or travel where food hygiene may be less reliable. Tetanus should be up to date, particularly if you may be away from easy medical care or doing activities where cuts are plausible. MMR matters too. TravelHealthPro guidance flags measles risk as higher than in the UK, so adults and children should check they are up to date with measles, mumps and rubella vaccination before travel. Hepatitis B may be worth discussing for longer stays, new sexual partners, medical or dental treatment abroad, contact sports, or work with blood or body fluids. Rabies is a risk in Tunisia and has been reported in domestic animals. Pre-travel rabies vaccination is not needed for everyone, but it is sensible to discuss it for children, runners, cyclists, long-stay travellers, animal work, or itineraries where prompt treatment after a bite might be difficult. North Africa also has insect and tick-borne infections such as leishmaniasis and West Nile virus, so repellent and bite avoidance still count. Schistosomiasis has been reported previously, but the risk is described as very low; avoid swimming or wading in untreated freshwater.