The Philippines has a mixed risk picture. Malaria is not the main concern for many visitors, but it has not disappeared everywhere. TravelHealthPro describes low malaria risk in rural areas below 600 metres on Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro and Palawan, with no malaria risk in cities or on islands such as Boracay, Bohol, Cebu and Leyte. For low-risk areas, bite avoidance is usually the key measure; malaria tablets may be considered for higher-risk travellers after an individual assessment. Hepatitis A is commonly recommended for previously unvaccinated travellers because it spreads through contaminated food and water. Typhoid is also often considered, particularly for longer trips, family visits, young children and places where food hygiene may be less predictable. Your routine UK vaccines should be up to date, including MMR and tetanus-containing vaccination. Several vaccines are more itinerary-specific. Hepatitis B may be worth discussing for longer stays, sexual exposure, contact sports, medical care abroad, tattoos or work involving blood. Japanese encephalitis occurs countrywide, with year-round risk, and is more relevant for rural stays, rice-field areas, pig farming areas, stays of a month or more, or uncertain itineraries. Rabies is present in domestic animals, and pre-travel vaccination is worth considering for children, cyclists, runners, animal work, long stays and places where urgent treatment could be harder to reach. Dengue, Zika and chikungunya are spread by mosquitoes that often bite in the daytime. Zika is particularly important for pregnant travellers and couples planning pregnancy. Avoid freshwater swimming or wading where schistosomiasis may occur.